|
|
|
INSTRUCTION for FIELD ARTILLERY.
Prepared by a board of artillery officers. |
| WM. H. FRENCH, Bvt. Major, Capt. First Artillery.
|
WILLIAM F. BARRY, Capt. Second Artillery.
|
HENRY J. HUNT, Bt. Major, Capt. Second Artillery.
|
United States War Dept.
Philadelphia, PA J.B. Lippincott & Co.
1861
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ORGANIZATION, MATERIEL, AND SERVICE.
Artillery troops and their service; Uses and objects of field artillery; Materiel, pieces; Carriages; Battery of manoeuvre; Number of horses required for each carriage; Personnel; Proportion of field artillery to other arms
ARTICLE II.
ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT OF FIELD BATTERIES
Organization for instruction; Organization for the march; Organization for war; Composition and equipment of battery for war; Field pieces. Description; Field pieces. Principal dimensions and weight
Gunpowder. Composition; Density; Proof; Charges; Cartridge bags;
Kinds of; Solid shot; Canisters; Shells; Charges of shells; Shrapnell or spherical case shot;
Charges of Shrapnell; Fuze. Description; Operation of; Primer; Description; Issues of ammunition to batteries; Care and preservation of ammunition; Weights of fixed ammunition; Contents and weights of packing boxes
Number and kinds of gun carriages; Caissons; Battery wagons; Travelling forges; Limber for field carriages; Wheels; Ammunition chests; Ammunition carried in each chest; Method of packing; ammunition chests; Implements and equipments for a gun carriage; Implements and equipments for a caisson; Weights of gun carriages and caissons equipped; Equipment of the travelling forge; Equipment of the battery wagon; Supply of spare parts; Composition and preparation of paints; Quantity of paint required for a carriage; Paint for tarpaulins; Weights of forges and battery wagons equipped;
HORSES.
Number required for a field battery; Spare horses for prairie service; For cannoneers of horse artillery; Horse equipments. Number of sets required; Artillery harness. Description and peculiarities; Harness required for each horse
ARTICLE III.-POINTING AND RANGES
Definitions; Theory of pointing; Pendulum hausse; Seat for pendulum hausse; Muzzle sight; Practical hints on pointing; Causes which disturb the true flight of projectiles; Rapidity of fire at advancing bodies; Table of ranges for field service
ARTICLE IV.-INTERIOR ECONOMY OF A BATTERY
Artillery horses. Description Working power Forage Necessity of grain ration Water General rules for stable management Grooming
Marches Ascents Descents To cross swampy ground To pass a ditch Crossing fords Passage of military bridges Passage on ice Reversing a battery in a narrow road Instruction for the preservation of harness Transport of batteries by sea Preparation of transports To embark the horses To embark the battery To disembark In action or preparing for action Replacing killed or disabled horses Order of encampment.
PART II. TACTICAL INSTRUCTION.
Basis of instruction Composition of the company Formation of the company Posts of the officers, non-commissioned officers, etc The battery General principles Composition of the battery of manoeuvre. Definitions Elementary movements, and their objects Method of giving commands Bugle or trumpet signals and calls
PART III. SCHOOL OF THE PIECE.
ARTICLE I.-METHOD OF INSTRUCTION
The cannoneer dismounted Elementary instruction Position of the cannoneer dismounted
Eyes right-eyes left Facing Marching To halt To march backwards To mark time when marching To change step To face when marching Manual of the sabre Inspection of sabre Parade rest
ARTICLE II.-THE GUN DETACHMENT
Forming and telling off the detachment. To form in one rank.. Alignments Direct march in single file Change of direction in file Oblique march in file Direct march in line To halt the detachment Wheelings To move forward To form the detachment in two ranks To march by a flank Marching by a flank, to form line Oblique in line To march to the rear To march backwards To open and close the ranks Execution of the movements at double quick The platoon Sabre exercise To open files To close files
ARTICLE III.-MANUAL OF THE PIECE
Method of instruction Posts of the cannoneers, piece unlimbered Loading and firing Loading by detail Moving the piece by hand, piece unlimbered. Changing posts Equipments Limbering Posts of the cannoneers, piece limbered To form the detachment Posts of the detachment Change of posts of detachment To post the cannoneers at the piece limbered Moving the piece by hand, piece limbered Unlimbering and coming into action Service of the gun with diminished numbers Supply of ammunition in action
ARTICLE IV.-MECHANICAL MANOEUVRES
Nomenclature The gun The carriage The limber The caisson Changing ammunition chests Changing wheels Dismounting pieces Mounting pieces Carrying pieces Dismounting carriages Mounting carriages Righting carriages that have been overturned Spiking and unspiking cannon and rendering them unserviceable
ARTICLE V.-THE CANNONEER MOUNTED
General remarks Elementary instruction To bridle the horse To saddle To lead out
Position before mounting To mount Exercise at a halt Position of the cannoneer mounted Eyes right-eyes left To lengthen the snaffle rein To shorten the snaffle rein To cross the reins in one hand To take the reins in both hands Use of the bridle reins and legs Effect of the reins and legs To march To halt To turn to the right or left To reverse to the right or left To oblique To rein back To dismount To file off. To unbridle Vaulting, the horse unsaddled Marching Riding-house drill To march to the right or left hand To halt and to move off To trot, and to resume the walk Changes of hand To cross reins in marching To turn by cannoneer in marching Marching on the same line, to reverse by cannoneer Marching in column, to reverse by cannoneer To rest To rest in marching The spur To mount in two ranks To conduct the cannoneers to the riding-house Change of direction in the length of the ridinghouse Change of direction obliquely by cannoneer To march in a circle To change hand on the circle To dismount in two ranks Exercise with the stirrups To pass from the head to the rear of the column. From a halt to move at a trot To pass from the trot to the trot out, and to resume the trot To pass from the trot to the gallop
To passage to the right or left The curb bridle Position of the bridle hand Movements of the bridle hand Principles of the gallop Exercise at a gallop Manual of the sabre Sabre exercise To leap the ditch and the bar
Horse Artillery Forming and telling off the detachment To mount and dismount in two ranks To form in one rank Alignments To form in two ranks To open and to close the ranks To rein back the detachment To march the detachment by file Direct march in file Change of direction in file To halt and to move off Oblique in file To break into single file To form in double files To form the detachment in line Direct march in line Wheeling Wheel in circle in single rank Wheel in circle in two ranks Wheel to the right or left Half-wheel to the right or left Reverse to the right or left Oblique in line Changes of gait The platoon
Nomenclature of the harness To harness To couple To mount Use of the coupling rein and whip To march To turn to the right and to the left To reverse To oblique To rein back To dismount To file off To unharness To harness and unharness in two motions Marching To break into column to the front Change of direction in column To halt the column To oblique in column To form line To advance in line To oblique in line To march to a flank To reverse in marching Changes of gait To pass from the rear to the head of the column and the reverse
PART IV. SCHOOL OF THE SECTION.
ARTICLE I.-EXERCISE OF SEVERAL DETACHMENTS
Formation of detachments and posts of officers
Alignment
To open and close the ranks
To break into column to the right or left
March in column
To halt the column
Change of direction in column
To march by a flank when in column
Oblique march in column
Being in column, to form line
To form line advancing
To advance in line
Oblique in line
To change direction in line
To march by a flank when in line
To change direction when faced by a flank
Marching by a flank to form column of detachments
To pass from the march in column to the march by flank
Marching by flank to form line
To form the line or column faced in the opposite direction
Posting the detachments with their pieces
ARTICLE II.-EXERCISE OF SEVERAL DETACHMENTS.
Horse Artillery
Formation of detachments and posts of officers
To mount and to dismount
Alignments
To open and close the ranks
To break into column
March in column
To halt the column
Change of direction in column
Oblique march in column
The column marching, to face it in the opposite direction
Being in column, to form line
To form line advancin
To advance in line
Oblique in line
To change direction in line
Marching in line, to march in the opposite direction
To march by file
Change of direction in file
To halt and to move off
Oblique in file
Changes of gait
To break into single file
To form double files
To form line
Marching by a flank, to form column of detachments
In column of detachments, to march by file
Posting the detachments with their pieces
ARTICLE III.-EXERCISE OF SEVERAL PIECES
The team
Arrangement of the teams
To break into column
To change direction in column
To halt the column
Oblique in column
To form line
To form line advancing
To advance in line
To halt
To march by a flank
Oblique in line
To reverse
Changes of gait
To rest
To file off
The piece horsed
To enter the park
Hitching the teams
To unpark
To halt the column
To wheel
To oblique
To reverse
The about
To change direction in column
The about in column
Changes of gait
To march by a flank
To rest
To resume the exercise
To rein back
To dismount whilst marching
To mount whilst marching
To park
To unhitch
To leave the park
Composition of the section
Column of pieces
Order in line
Order in battery
Posts of officers and non-commissioned officers.
Alignments
Posts of the cannoneers during the manoeuvres
To mount and dismount the cannoneers
To unpark
To form the section
To march and to halt
Changes of gait
To change direction
To march by a flank
The oblique
The reverse
The about
The countermarch
Passage of carriages
To break the section
To form the caissons on the flank
To replace the caissons in rear
To form the park
Formation in battery
In line, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the front
In line, to form in battery to the front, by throwing the caissons to the rear
In line, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the front
In line, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the rear
In line, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the rear
In battery, to form in line to the front
In battery, to form in line to the rear
To march by a flank
Movements with the prolonge
Firings
To fire to the rear
PART V. SCHOOL OF THE BATTERY.
ARTICLE I.-GENERAL PRINCIPLES.
Formations of the battery.
Remarks on the formations
Measures of the elements composing a battery, and of its formations
Manning the battery
ARTICLE II.-MOVEMENTS IN COLUMN
To unpark
Formations into line, and battery from column of pieces.
To halt.
Change of gait.
To form sections.
In column of pieces, to form the caissons on the flank.
To march in column.
To halt the column.
To change the gait
To march by a flank
Oblique march
Passage of carriages in column
About in column
Countermarch in column
To change direction in column
To diminish the front of a column on the march.
In column, with the caissons on the flank, to replace them in front or rear.
To form the park.
ARTICLE III.-TO PASS FROM THE ORDER IN COLUMN TO THE ORDER IN LINE, AND THE REVERSE
To form forward into line
To form line faced to the rear
To form line to the right or left
To form line on the right or left
To break into column to the front
To break into column to the rear
To break into column to the right or left
To break into column to the front from one flank, to march towards the other
To break into column to the rear from one flank, to march towards the other
To break into column to the front when the battery is marching in line
To form line advancing.
To form double column on the centre section
To deploy the double column into line to the front
To form the double column into line to the right or left
To advance in line
To halt the battery and align it
Changes of gait
Oblique march
Passage of carriages in line
About in line
Countermarch in line
To close intervals in line
About, or countermarch with diminished intervals 526 310 51 To resume intervals
Passage of obstacles
ARTICLE V.-FORMATIONS IN BATTERY
In line, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the front
In line, to form in battery to the front, by throwing the caissons to the rear
In line, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the front
In line, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the rear
In line, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the rear
In battery, to form in line to the front
In battery, to form in line to the rear
In column, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the front
In column, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the front
In column, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the rear
In column, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the rear
In column, with pieces in front, to form in battery to the right or left.
In column, with caissons in front, to form in battery to the right or left
In column, with pieces in front, to form in battery on the right or left
In column, with caissons in front, to form in battery on the right or left
To deploy the double column into battery to the front or rear
To deploy the double column into battery to the right or left
To pass from the order in battery to the order in column
To march by a flank
To fire by battery, half battery, section, and piece
To cease firing
To move and fire with the prolonge
To fire advancing
To fire retiring
Movements for firing in echelon
Being in echelon, to form line
To fire to the rear
ARTICLE VII.-CHANGES OF FRONT IN BATTERY
Change of front to fire to the right, left wing forward, and the reverse
Change of front to fire to the left, left wing forward, and the reverse
Change of front to fire to the left, left wing to the rear, and the reverse
Change of front to fire to the right, left wing to the rear, and the reverse.
To pass a defile in front
To pass a defile in rear
PARADE FOR REVIEW AND INSPECTION.
Review of a battery.
Review of a battery in connection with other troops
To march in review in line or column of half batteries
Officers' salute with the sabre
Inspection
Entered, according to act of Congress,
in the year 1860,
by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States
in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
BALTIMORE, Md., January 15, 1859.
Colonel S. COOPER,
Adjt. Gen. U. S. A.
SIR: The Light Artillery Board,
assembled by Special Orders No. 134 of 1856, and Special Orders No. 116 of 1858,
has the honor to submit a revised system of Light Artillery
Tactics, and regulations recommended
for that arm.
WM. H. FRENCH, Bt. Major,
Capt. First Artillery.
WILLIAM F. BARRY,
Capt. Second Artillery.
HENRY J. HUNT, Bt. Major,
Capt. Second Artillery.
WAR DEPARTMENT, March 6, 1860.
The system of instruction for Field Artillery,
prepared by a Board of Light Artillery officers
pursuant to orders from this Department, having been approved by the PRESIDENT,
is herewith published for the information and government of the Army.
All exercises, manoeuvres, and forms
of parade not embraced in this system, are prohibited in the Light Artillery,
and those herein prescribed will be strictly observed.
JOHN B. FLOYD,
Secretary of War.
EXTRACT
"AN ACT to establish an uniform mode of discipline and field exercise for the militia of the United States. "SECTION 1. That the system of discipline and field exercise, which is and shall be ordered to be observed by the regular Army of the United States, in the different corps of infantry, artillery, and riflemen, shall also be observed by the militia, in the exercise and discipline of the said corps, respectively, throughout the United States."
APPROVED, May 12, 1820. (vi)
NOTICE
Copy and Use Restrictions: The content, information, graphics, design, compilation, products, software, services and all other matters related to this web site ("Materials") are protected by law, including, but not limited to, U.S. Copyright law and international treaties. Except as stated herein, none of the Materials may be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission. The navigation, design and text used are the Intellectual Property (IP) of the website author. Copyright © 2003, 2008. All Rights Reserved.
