79. Because, if one. were in the rear of the other, the shoulder on that side would be thrown back, or the position of the soldier would be constrained.

Because, men who are knock-kneed, or who have legs with large calves, cannot, without constraint, make their heels touch while standing.

Because, if one foot were turned out more than the other, a shoulder would be deranged, and if both feet be too much turned out, it would not be practicable to incline the upper part of the body forward without rendering the whole position unsteady.

Because, if stiffened, constraint and fatigue would be unavoidable.

Because, it gives equilibrium to the position. The instructor will observe that many recruits have the bad habit of dropping a shoulder, of drawing in a side, or of advancing a hip, particularly the right, when under arms. These are defects he will labor to correct.

Because, commonly, recruits are disposed to do the reverse, to project the belly and to throw back the shoulders, when they wish to hold themselves erect, from which result great inconveniences in marching. The habit of inclining forward the upper part of the body is so important to contract, that the instructor must enforce it at the beginning, particularly with recruits who have naturally the opposite habit.

Because if the shoulders be advanced beyond the line of the breast, and the, back arched (the defect called round -shouldered, not uncommon with recruits,) the man cannot align himself, nor use his piece with address. It is important, then, to correct this defect, and necessary to that end that the coat should set easy about the shoulders and arm pits - but in correcting this defect, the instructor should take care that the shoulders be not thrown too much to the rear, which would cause the belly to project, and the small of the back to be, curved.

Because these. positions are equally important to the shoulder arms, and to prevent the man from occupying more space in a rank than is necessary to it free use of the piece; they have, moreover, the advantage of keeping in. the shoulders.

Because, if there be stiffness in the latter position, it would communicate Itself to the. whole of the upper part of the body, embarrass its movements and give pain and fatigue.

Because, this is the surest means of maintaining the shoulders in line- an essential object, to be insisted on and attained.
80. The instructor having given the recruit the position of the soldier without arms will now teach him the turning of the head and eyes. He will command:

81. At the word right, the recruit will turn the head gently, so as to bring the inner corner of the left eye in it line with the buttons of the coat, the eyes fixed on the line of the eyes of the men in, or supposed to he in, the same rank.

86. TO cause a resumption of the habitual position, the instructor will command:

87. At the first word, the recruit will fix his attention; at the Second, he will resume the prescribed position with steadiness.

89. At the second command, raise the right foot slightly, turn on the left heel raising the toes a little , and then replace the right heel by the side of the left, and on the same line.
90. The full face to the rear (or front) will be executed in two times, or pauses. The instructor will command:

93. The instructor will take care that these motions do not derange the position of the body.

96. At the first command, the recruit will throw the weight of the body on the right leg, without bending the left knee.
97. At the third command, he will smartly, but without a jerk, carry straight forward the left foot twenty-eight inches from the right, the sole near the ground, the ham extended, the too a little depressed, and, as also the knee  slightly turned out - he will, at the same time, throw the weight of the body forward, and plant flat the left foot, without shock, precisely at the distance 'where it finds itself from the right when the weight of the body is brought forward, the whole of which will now rest on the advanced foot. The recruit will next, in like manner, advance the right foot and plant it as above; the heel twenty-eight inches from the heel of the left foot, and thus continue to march without crossing the legs, or striking the one against the other, without turning the shoulders and preserving always the face direct to the front.
98. When the instructor shall wish to arrest the march, he will command:

99. At the second command, which will be given at the instant when either foot is coming to the ground, the foot in the rear will be brought up, and planted by the side of the other, without shock.
100. The instructor will indicate, from time to time, to the recruit the cadence of the step, by giving the command one at the instant of raising a foot, and two at the instant it ought to be planted, observing the cadence of ninety steps in a minute. This method will contribute greatly to impress upon the mind the two ,notions into which the Step is naturally divided.
101. Common time will be employed only in the first and second parts of the School of the Soldier. As soon as the recruit has acquired steadiness, has become established in the pi. , of shouldered arms and it) the mechanism, length and swiftness of the stop in common time, he will be practiced only in quick time, the double quick time, and the run.
102. The principles of the stop in quick time are the same as for common time, but its swiftness is at the rate of one hundred and ten steps per minute.
103. The instructor wishing the squad to march in quick Time, will command:

106. At the first command, the recruit will raise his hands to a level with his ]lips, the hands closed, the nails toward the body, the elbows to the rear.
107. At the second command, he will raise to the front his left leg bent, in order to give to the knee the greatest elevation, the part of the leg between the knee and the instep vertical, the toe depressed; he will then replace his foot in its former position with the right leg he will then execute what has just been prescribed for the left, and the alternate movement of the legs will be continued until the command:

108. At the second command, the recruit will bring the foot. which is raised by the side of the other. and dropping at the same time his hands by his side, will resume. the position of the soldier without arms.
109. The instructor placing himself seven or eight paces from., and facing the recruit, will indicate the cadence by the commands, one and two, given alternately at the instant each foot should be brought to the ground, which at fir-it will be in common time, but its rapidity will be gradually augmented.
110. The recruit being sufficiently established in the principles of this step, the instructor will command.

111. At the first command, the recruit will throw the weight of his body on the right leg.